Sybil Kathigasu was born Sybil Medan Daly to an Irish-Eurasian planter
(Joseph Daly) and a French-Eurasian midwife (Beatrice Matilda Daly née
Martin) on 3 September 1899 in Medan, Sumatra, Indonesia. Her middle
name reflects her birthplace, Medan. Her paternal grandparents were an
Irishman and a Eurasian woman while her maternal grandparents were a
Frenchman (Pierre Louie Martin) and a Eurasian woman (Evelyn Adeline
Martin née Morrett).
She was the fifth child and the only girl. She was trained as a nurse and midwife and spoke
Cantonese
fluently. She and her husband, Dr. Abdon Clement Kathigasu, operated a
clinic at No 141 Brewster Road (now Jalan Sultan Idris Shah) in Ipoh from 1926 until the Japanese invasion of Malaya. The family escaped to the nearby town of Papan days before Japanese forces occupied Ipoh. The local Chinese community fondly remembered Dr. AC Kathigasu and gave him a Hakka nickname "You Loy-De".
Sybil Kathigasu GM was a Eurasian Malayan nurse who supported the
resistance during the Japanese occupation of Malaya. She is the only
Malayan woman to be ever awarded with the George Medal for bravery.
Marriage and Family,
Sybil Kathigasu's husband was Dr. Arumugam Kanapathi Pillay, a
Ceylonese (now Sri Lankan) Tamil from Taiping. He was born on 17 June
1892 in Taiping to Kanapathi Pillay and Thangam. He married Sybil in St
John's church (now cathedral) in Bukit Nanas, Kuala Lumpur. Initially
there had been a religious objection from her parents as he was a Hindu
and she was a Catholic. However with agreement from his father, the
wedding took place. They were married on 7 January 1919 in St John’s
Church, Bukit Nanas, Kuala Lumpur. Sybil's first child was a son born on
26 August 1919, but due to major problems at birth, died after only 19
hours. He was named Michael after Sybil's elder brother who was born in
Taiping on 12 November 1892 and was killed in Gallipoli on 10 July 1915
as a member of the British Army.
The devastating blow of baby Michael's death led to Sybil's mother
suggesting that a young boy, William Pillay, born 25 October 1918, who
she had delivered and had remained staying with them at their Pudu
house, should be adopted by Sybil and her husband. Then a daughter,
Olga, was born to Sybil in Pekeliling, Kuala Lumpur, on 26 February
1921. The earlier sudden death of baby Michael made Olga a very special
baby to Sybil, when she was born without problems.
So when Sybil returned to Ipoh on 7 April 1921, it was not only with
Olga, but also with William and her mother who had agreed to stay in
Ipoh with the family.
A second daughter, Dawn, was born in Ipoh on 21 September 1936.
Their children are:
1. William Pillay (25 October 1918)-adopted
2. Michael Kathigasu (26 August 1919)-died after only 19 hours of being born
3. Olga Kathigasu (26 February 1921)
4. Dawn Kathigasu (21 September 1936)
Sybil Kathigasu died on 4 June 1948 aged 48 in Britain and her body was buried in Lanark, Scotland. Her body was later returned in 1949 to Ipoh and reburied at the Roman Catholic cemetery beside St Michael's Church opposite the Main Convent of the Holy Infant Jesus (now SMK Convent) on Brewster Road (now Jalan Sultan Idris Shah) in Ipoh.
A road in Fair Park, Ipoh
was named after Sybil Kathigasu (Jalan Syabil Kathigasu) after
independence to commemorate her bravery. Today, the shop house at 74,
Main Road, Papan, serves as a memorial to Sybil and her efforts.
I WONDER how many people of my generation (I’m 39), or the next, know
of Sybil Kathigasu? I certainly don’t recall learning about her in
school or from my peers. Older relatives, in their re-telling of wartime
suffering, did not mention her name.
Had I not picked up a reprint of her memoirs entitled
No Dram of Mercy, I’d probably remain ignorant of Kathigasu, recipient of the George Medal, “the highest British civilian award for bravery”.
Kathigasu was unabashedly pro-British (a sample: “I reminded the guard
of what Malaya owed to Britain, and of the amount of talent, labour,
money and material which had gone to make Malaya the happiest and most
advanced country in the East.”), but this Eurasian lady also had pride
as a Malayan and did the utmost to assist her fellow nationals,
particularly in the town of Papan, Perak.
Against the backdrop of the Japanese invasion and occupation of Malaya,
Kathigasu, whose husband was a doctor, provided medical aid to the
civilian population of all races, and to members of the Malayan People’s
Anti-Japanese Army (MPAJA).
Her tenacious character is first revealed in her refusal to join the
British withdrawal to Singapore. Then there’s her persistence in tuning
in to radios (instead of turning them in) for news from the free world.
Her perilous aid to MPAJA guerrillas finally led to her betrayal and
incarceration by the dreaded Kempetei (Japanese secret police).
In
No Dram, the author does not wallow in self-pity, choosing
not to dwell on personal suffering but telling of beatings and torture
in an almost matter-of-fact way:
“The places on which the blows were concentrated were those containing
no vital nerve or organ so that no permanent injury resulted to the
victim ? these parts of my body were soon solid bruises.”
That which apparently mattered more to her was the well being of her
loved ones, including her five-year old child, Dawn, who was strung up a
tree and threatened with immolation by Kathigasu’s sadistic
interrogator, Sergeant Yoshimura.
Kathigasu’s selflessness can best be summed up in her own words: “The
thought (of death) did not disturb me ? and I had the consolation of
knowing that my family would be safe, and that I had successfully
resisted all attempts to wring from me information about the guerrillas
and their contacts.”
Her sudden demise not long after liberation casts a shadow on her
otherwise triumphant story, and, unfortunately, we learn not of the fate
of several important characters in her book.
These include Moru, her link with the guerrillas; Chen Yen of the MPAJA; and Dr A.C. Kathigasu, her husband.
With so little in evidence today of Sybil Kathigasu’s grit and sacrifice,
No Dram of Mercy serves
as reminder (or introduction, for those of my generation, perhaps) of a
woman who survived terrible odds with only her unwavering faith in
justice and in God, and of a time when Malayans of all races persevered
in the face of adversity.
"Great Saint Anthony, please intercede for me with the Infant
Jesus to give me the strength and courage to bear bravely what God's
Holy Will has ordained for me. Let me face death, if I must, in the
spirit of the Holy Martyrs. But if I am spared to write a book about
what I have undergone, I promise that the proceeds from the sale of the
book shall go to building a church in your name, in Ipoh,
and, if there is any over when the church is completed, to the relief
of the poor and suffering, whatever their race or religion. Please help
me, Saint Anthony." — Kathigasu, Sybil. No Dram of Mercy (2006), pp. 162. Prometheus)